• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    ROTOR FOR A STANDING STARTING MAGNET MACHINE The present invention relates to a rotor comprising laminations with a plurality of rotor bar slots with an asymmetrical arrangement around the rotor. The laminations also have magnet slots evenly spaced around the rotor. The slots on the magnet extend close to the outside diameter of the rotor and have permanent magnets arranged in them creating magnetic poles. The slits of the magnet can be formed longer than the permanent magnets disposed in them and define one or more openings of the slit of the magnet. Permanent magnets define numerous poles and a polar pitch. The rotor bar slots are spaced from adjacent magnet slots by a distance that is at least 4% of the polar pitch. The conductive material is disposed in the slits of the rotor bar, and, in some embodiments, can be disposed in the openings of the magnet slit.
    公开号:BR112014014885B1
    申请号:R112014014885-6
    申请日:2012-12-13
    公开日:2021-03-16
    发明作者:Mike Melfi；Rich Schiferl；Stephen Umans
    申请人:Baldor Electric Company；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    DECLARATION CONCERNING RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT SPONSORED BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
    [001] This invention was made with the support of the Government under the agreement in DE-FG36-08GO180132 awarded by the Department of Energy. The Government has certain rights in this invention. BACKGROUND
    [002] The disclosure refers to the laminations for rotors used in inline permanent magnet machines. In other words, the motor operates using synchronous machine principles for synchronous speed operation, and induction machine principles for starting the motor. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [003] Figure 1 is a perspective view of a permanent magnet motor with induction operation to start the motor;
    [004] Figure 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the motor of Figure 1 along the plane 2--2; and
    [005] Figures 3 to 6 show illustrative modalities of laminations used in a motor rotor of Figure 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
    [006] Returning to the drawings, Figure 1 illustrates an exemplary electric motor 10. In the illustrated embodiment, motor 10 comprises a permanent magnet motor starting in line. The exemplary motor 10 comprises a frame 12 capped at each end by drive end caps and opposite drive end caps 14,16, respectively. The frame 12 and the drive end and opposite drive end covers 14,16 cooperate to form the motor housing or housing for the motor 10. Frame 12 and the drive end and opposite drive end covers 14 , 16 can be formed from any number of materials, such as steel, aluminum or any other suitable structural material. The drive end and opposite drive end covers 14,16 can include docking and carrying features, such as the docking foot 18 and illustrated eye-shaped hooks 20.
    [007] To induce the rotation of the rotor, the current is routed through the stator windings disposed in the stator. (See Figure 2). The stator windings are electrically interconnected to form groups. The stator windings are further coupled to the lead conductive lead wires (not shown), which electronically connect the stator windings to an external power source (not shown), such as three-phase power of 480 VAC or single-phase power of 110 VAC. A conduit box 24 houses the electrical connection between the terminal conductors and the external power source. The conduit box 24 comprises a metallic or plastic material, and advantageously, provides access to certain electrical components of the motor 10. Routing the electrical current from its external power source through the stator windings produces a magnetic field that induces the rotation of the rotor . A rotor shaft 26 coupled to the rotor rotates in conjunction with the rotor. That is, the rotation of the rotor translates into a corresponding rotation of the axis of rotor 26. As noted by those skilled in the art, the rotor axis can be coupled to any number of elements of the drive machine, thereby transmitting torque to the given element of the drive machine. For example, machines such as pumps, compressors, fans, conveyors, and so on, can use the rotational movement of the rotor shaft 26 for operation.
    [008] Figure 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the motor 10 of Figure 1 along the plane 2--2. To simplify the discussion, only the top part of the engine 10 is shown, as the structure of the engine 10 is essentially mirrored along its center line. As discussed above, the frame 12 and the drive end and opposite drive end covers 14,16 cooperate to form a motor housing or housing for the motor 10. In the motor housing or housing there is a plurality of stator laminations 30 juxtaposed and aligned with each other to form a stack of laminations, as a contiguous stator core 32. In the example motor 10, the laminations of stator 30 are substantially identical to each other, and each laminator of stator 30 includes features that cooperate with the adjacent laminations to form cumulative features for the contiguous stator core 32. For example, each laminator of the stator 30 includes a central opening that cooperates with the central opening of the adjacent stator laminations to form a rotor chamber 34 that extends the stator core length 32 and which is sized to receive a rotor. In addition, each stator lamination 30 includes a plurality of stator slits arranged circumferentially around the central opening. These stator slots cooperate to receive one or more windings of stator 36, which are illustrated as coil ends in Figure 2, which extend the length of the stator core 32. As described in more detail below, at the start, the stator winding it can be energized with an alternating voltage to establish a rotating primary field that acts in conjunction with the rotor bars of the squirrel cage winding to start the rotor under the principles of the induction motor.
    [009] In the exemplary motor 10, a rotor assembly 40 resides in the rotor chamber 34. Similar to the stator core 32, the rotor assembly 40 comprises a plurality of rotor laminations 42 aligned and adjacent to each other. Thus, the rotor laminations 42 cooperate to form a contiguous rotor core 44. When assembled, the rotor laminations 42 cooperate to form a shaft chamber that extends through the center of the rotor core 44 and which is configured to receive the rotor axis 26 through it. The rotor axis 26 is secured with respect to the rotor core 44 such that the rotor core 44 and the rotor axis 26 rotate as a single entity around a central rotor 45 axis.
    [0010] The exemplary rotor assembly 40 also includes electrically conductive members, such as rotor bars 48, arranged on rotor core 44 electrically connected to rotor end members 46 to form the starting cage. The end members 46, which are arranged at the opposite ends of the rotor core 44 are generally circular in cross section and have an outside diameter that generally approximates the diameter of the rotor laminations 42. The rotor bars 48 in cooperation with the members end plates 46 form at least one closed electrical path for the current induced in the rotor 40. In this way, the rotor bars 48 and end members 46 comprise materials that have good electrical conductivity, such as aluminum and copper. Additional details of the rotor bars and rotor laminations will be described in more detail below.
    [0011] To support the rotor assembly 40, the exemplary motor 10 includes driveshaft and opposite drive assemblies 50.52, respectively, which are attached to the rotor shaft 26 and which facilitate the rotation of the rotor assembly 40 in the stationary stator core 32. During the operation of the motor 10, the bearing assemblies 50,52 transfer the radial and thrust loads produced by the rotor assembly 40 to the motor housing. Each set of bearings 50,52 includes an inner track 54 arranged circumferentially around the axis of the rotor 26. The tight fit between the inner track 54 and the axis of the rotor 26 causes the inner track 54 to rotate together with the axis of the rotor 26. Each set of bearings 50,52 also includes an outer track 56 and rotating elements 58, which are arranged between the outer and inner tracks 54,56. The rotating elements 58 facilitate the rotation of the inner rails 54 while the outer rails 56 remain stationary and engaged with respect to the drive end and opposite drive end covers 14,16. Thus, the bearing assemblies 50,52 facilitate the rotation of the rotor assembly 40 while supporting the rotor assembly 40 in the motor housing, that is, the frame 12 and the driving end and opposite driving end caps 14, 16. To reduce the coefficient of friction between the rails 54,56 and the rotating elements 58, the bearing assemblies 50,52 are coated with a lubricant. Although the drawings show the 50.52 bearing assemblies with balls as the rotating elements, the bearing assemblies may have other constructions, such as sleeve bearings, pin bearings, cylinder bearings, etc.
    [0012] Figures 3 to 6 provide more details of the illustrative modalities of the rotor 42 laminations. Each laminate of the rotor 42 has a generally circular cross section and is formed of a magnetic material, such as electric steel. Extending from end to end, that is, transverse to the cross section, each laminate 42 includes features that, when aligned with adjacent laminations 42, form cumulative features that extend axially through rotor core 44. For example, each laminate of the exemplary rotor 42 has an opening for circular shaft 62 located in the center of the lamination 42. The shaft openings 62 of the adjacent laminations 42 cooperate to form an axis chamber configured to receive the axis of the rotor 26 (see Figure 2) through it. The rotor core has an outer diameter "Dr".
    [0013] Additionally, each lamination 42 includes a series of rotor bar slots 64 that are arranged in positions around the lamination such that when assembled, the rotor bar slits cooperate to form channels for the rotor bars that extend through the rotor core 44. The rotor bar slits are spaced radially inward from the outer diameter of the rotor Dr. As shown in the drawings, each of the rotor bar slits can extend radially outward to the same position generally radial with respect to the outer diameter of the rotor Dr, or one or more slots in the rotor bar may extend radially outward and end at different radial distances from the outer diameter Dr, depending on the application. The rotor bars 48 can have the same shape as the rotor bar slots 64 to provide a tight fit for the rotor bars 48 in the rotor channels. The rotor bars can be manufactured with tight tolerances between the rotor bars 48 and the slots in the rotor bar. The rotor bar slots can also be configured to electrically receive the conductive material to form the rotor bars 48 for the engine starting cage. The conductive material may comprise a molten material introduced into the slits to form molten rotor bars. End members can also be fused.
    [0014] Additionally, the laminations of the rotor 42 include the slots of the magnet 70. The magnets 72 can be arranged in the slots of the magnet in various ways to form poles for the rotor. The slots of the magnet can be arranged so that the magnets are in a single layer or in multiple layers. The slots on the magnet can also be arranged so that the magnets form a conventional "v" or "u" shape, or an inverted "v" or "u" shape. There can be only one magnet per slot or multiple magnets per slot. The magnets can be magnetized in a generally radial direction to establish north and south poles arranged internally and externally on the magnets. This means that the adjacent magnets cooperate to establish alternating north and south poles on the periphery of the rotor. The rotor can be constructed with any uniform number of poles. An exemplary lamination for a two-pole motor is shown in Figure 3, and the exemplary lamination for a four-pole motor is shown in Figures 4 to 6. As shown in the drawings by way of example and not in any limiting sense, the magnets they can establish a direct geometric axis as indicated by the reference character 80 and a quadrature geometric axis as indicated by the reference character 82. Magnets define a general magnetizing geometric axis (north or south pole) at the rotor periphery. The edges of the slots of the magnet facing the general axis of magnetization, which are radially external from the magnets, establish a border area of saturation generally arched as indicated by reference characters 84a, 84b. In cases where a magnet is arranged in the slot of the magnet, the edges of the magnet slits facing the general axis of magnetization and the edges of the magnets will be the same. Figures 3 and 6 show modalities where there is a gap 85 between the permanent magnets in the slots of the magnet. In a multi-layered arrangement like the one shown in Figure 6, the boundary area of saturation is defined by the slits of the magnet that are radially embedded out of the most distant ones.
    [0015] In each of the lamination designs shown in Figures 3 to 6, the slits of the magnet 70 extend to the peripheral edge of the rotor such that one end of the magnet slit is adjacent to the peripheral edge. One or more of the slots in the magnet can have its radially outer end in the same generally radial position with respect to the outer diameter of the rotor Dr and the slits in the rotor bar as shown in the drawings, or one or more slots in the magnet can extend radially to out and terminate at different distances from each other and / or the slots in the rotor bar, depending on the application. The magnets 72 disposed in the slots of the magnet have a shorter longitudinal length in the direction of the slits of the magnet than the slits of the magnet such that the magnet when installed in the slit of the magnet forms an opening of the slit of the magnet 86 between the end of the permanent magnet and the slit of the magnet. The opening of the magnet slot can be filled with conductive material to form the additional rotor bars which are also connected to the end members 46.
    [0016] The rotor bars 48 of any form in the starting cage can have a different size, shape and spacing of the rotor bars found on a machine that has a uniform cage. In addition, the rotor bar slots 64 can be distributed around the rotor in a way that is asymmetrical instead of evenly distributed, i.e., asymmetric instead of evenly spaced, around the outer edge of the lamination surface. In addition, the rotor bar slots may have an arbitrary shape. The laminations can be stacked offset from each other such that the rotor bar in the slot has a helix with respect to the rotor's geometric axis of rotation. Additionally, a rotor bar slot 90 can be provided to align with the quadrature geometry axis 82. The rotor bar slot 90 of the quadrature geometry axis can have a geometry that matches at least one of the slots in the bar of the rotor aligned with the direct geometrical axis 80. Although some of the drawings show a plurality of slits of the rotor bar on the direct geometrical axis and a slot of the rotor bar on the quadrature geometric axis, other variations can be used.
    [0017] The lamination designs shown in Figures 3 to 6 are designed to optimize the flow paths over a range of conditions even at specified loads. In each of the lamination designs shown in Figures 3 to 6, the arrangement of the starting cage of the rotor bars and magnets allows the flow of the rotor to flow under a wide range of loads and operating conditions. With each of the exemplary modalities of Figures 3 to 6, the distance between the slits of the rotor bar arranged in the bordering saturation area 84a, 84b and the slots of the magnet is controlled so that, preferably, each slit of the rotor bar in the area borderline of saturation is positioned away from a gap in the adjacent magnet by a distance that is equal to or exceeds four percent (4%) of the polar pitch. In other words, the closest approach distance from any of the rotor bar slits in the bordering saturation area to an adjacent magnet slit must be equal to or exceed four percent of the polar step. The nearest approach distance is referred to hereinafter ("Drb-m") and is defined by the equation ("Drb-m")> 0.04 x ("pp"). The polar pitch for the machine ("pp") can be defined by the equation ("pp") = {("DR") X (π)} / ("P"), where "DR" is the diameter of the rotor and ("P") is the number of poles for the machine as defined by the numerous groups of permanent magnets. One or more of the slots in the rotor bar in the bordering saturation area can be arranged to maintain this parameter with respect to a slit in the adjacent magnet. The slits of the rotor bar outside the boundary saturation area, for example, the slits of the rotor bar 90 generally aligned with the quadrature geometric axis 82, can also be positioned to maintain this perimeter with respect to a slit of the adjacent magnet. [0018] In the rotor designs shown in Figures 3 to 6, at least one of the slots in the rotor bar 64 in the bordering saturation area has a radial inner edge 92 which generally conforms to one side of the magnet 72 in the slot adjacent magnet 70. Figures 3 to 6 show the magnet arranged in the magnet slot in various configurations. In each example, the inner radial edge of one or more of the rotor bar slots 64 in the bordering saturation area has a geometry that generally matches the geometry of the magnet adjacent to the rotor bar slit. One or more of the rotor bar slits in the boundary saturation area can be formed to have an inner radial edge that defines a reference plane generally parallel to an adjacent magnet. In this way, one or more of the slots in the rotor bar can have a distance to the slit of the adjacent magnet that meets or exceeds the four percent (4%) of the polar pitch ("pp"). The slits of the rotor bar outside the boundary saturation area, for example, the slits of the rotor bar 90 generally aligned with the quadrature geometric axis 82, can also be shaped in a similar manner to maintain this perimeter. [0019] Although certain modalities have been described in detail in the previous detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, those of ordinary skill in the art will note that various modifications and alternatives to those details could be developed in the light of the general teachings of the revelation. In particular, the figures and the exemplary modalities of the rotor laminations are intended to show illustrative examples and are not to be considered limiting in any sense. Accordingly, the specific provisions disclosed should be illustrative only and not limiting as to the scope of the invention that should receive the full extent of the appended claims and any and all equivalents thereof.
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [0001]
    1. Electric machine comprising: a stator (32); a rotor core (44) disposed in the stator (32); the rotor core (44) comprising a plurality of equal laminations (42) stacked end to end to form a contiguous rotor core (44), the rotor core (44) being rotatable with respect to the stator (32 ) around a central geometric axis (45), the rotor core (44) is provided with an external diameter (DR), each of which laminations (42) has: a plurality of magnet slots (70) that they are radially spaced into the outside diameter of the rotor (DR) with one end of the magnet slots (70) being adjacent to the outside diameter of the rotor (DR) and extending inward towards the central geometric axis of the rotor (45) , since the magnet slots (70) have permanent magnets (72) arranged in them, the permanent magnets (72) arranged in the magnet slots (70) define numerous poles (P) for the machine, a polar step (pp) for the machine in which the polar step (pp) = (π x DR) / (P), with the magnets defining a general axis of magnetization tion of each pole of the rotor, the edges of the slits of the magnet (70) that face the general geometric axis of magnetization define a boundary area of saturation (84a, 84b); and a plurality of rotor bar slits (64) spaced around the central geometric axis (45) of the rotor core (44), each of the rotor bar slits (64) being radially inward to the outside diameter of the rotor (DR) with one end of the rotor bar slot that is adjacent to the outside diameter of the rotor (DR), the plurality of rotor bar slots (64) having an asymmetric angular spacing around the rotor core (44); wherein the slits of the rotor bar (64) arranged in the boundary saturation area are spaced from a slit of the adjacent magnet (70) by a distance that is at least four percent of the polar step ("pp"); conductive material (48) arranged in the slots of the rotor bar (64); and the end members (46) disposed at the axial opposite ends of the rotor core (44), the end members (46) being in electrical contact with the conductive material (48); characterized by the fact that the rotor bar slits (64) are arranged outside the saturation limit and are spaced from an adjacent magnet slit (70) by a distance that is at least four percent of the polar step (pp ).
    [0002]
    2. Machine according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the slots of the magnet (70) form a V-shape.
    [0003]
    3. Machine according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that the V-shape comprises an obtuse angle.
    [0004]
    4. Machine according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that two or more of the slits of the rotor bar (64) in the bordering saturation area have a radially internal edge that defines a reference plane parallel to an adjacent magnet.
    [0005]
    5. Machine, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that at least one of the slits of the rotor bar (64) in the bordering saturation area has a radially internal edge that conforms to the shape of an adjacent magnet.
    [0006]
    6. Machine, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that all the slits of the rotor bar (64) in the bordering saturation area are spaced from their respective slots of the adjacent magnet (70) at the same distance.
    [0007]
    7. Machine according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the slots of the magnet (70) form a U-shape.
    [0008]
    8. Machine according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the adjacent laminations (42) are distorted with respect to a line parallel to the central geometric axis of the rotor (45).
    [0009]
    9. Machine according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the conductive material (48) comprises bars that extend through the slits of the rotor bar (64).
    [0010]
    10. Machine according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the conductive material (48) is melted through the slits of the rotor bar (64) together forming the end members (46).
    [0011]
    11. Machine, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the ends of the slits of the rotor bar (64) are formed in the lamination adjacent to the outside diameter (DR) at the same distance.
    [0012]
    12. Machine according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the slits of the magnet (70) are longitudinally longer than the permanent magnets (72) arranged in them and define at least one opening of the slit of the magnet (86) between one end of the permanent magnet and the slot of the magnet.
    [0013]
    13. Machine according to claim 12, characterized by the fact that the conductive material (48) is disposed in the openings of the magnet.
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    CN109861425A|2019-03-14|2019-06-07|江苏迈吉易威电动科技有限公司|It is a kind of mix cage rotor line-start permanent magnetic synchronous motor and its starting method|
    法律状态:
    2018-12-04| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-10-22| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-10-20| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-02-02| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-03-16| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 13/12/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US13/329,814|US9705388B2|2011-12-19|2011-12-19|Rotor for a line start permanent magnet machine|
    US13/329,814|2011-12-19|
    PCT/US2012/069412|WO2013096077A1|2011-12-19|2012-12-13|Rotor for a line start permanent magnet machine|
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